James Cook (October 27, 1728 – February 14, 1779) – British discoverer, sailor, explorer and navigator. He made three trips in the Pacific ocean and became the first European man, who explored its coasts. Cook developed the Hawaii and many other islands, furthermore he was first to sail round the Australian continent. Cook was also a cartographer. While seeking the north marine passage-way from the Pacific ocean to the Atlantic one he explored Alaska’s coasts.

James Cook was born in Yorkshire (England) in 1728 in a family of farmer. That’s why he did not get any high or normal education at all. In 1756 he went to serve on the English fleet. In 1768 he becomes a captain of a ship named “Indever”.

In the XVIII century many sailors died because of different illnesses like scurvy. That’s why Cook entered strict rules to reduce deceases. The rules of hygiene were always observed, and every ship had a big amount of fresh fruits, which contained the C-vitamin.

In 1768 Cook was sent by the geographical society to the banks of Tahiti to watch Venus from there. In Cook’s expedition there were also a naturalist, botanist and two artists. Apart from that, Cook got an order to find terra incognita. Discovering started on the third of June. Then Cook’s ships headed to New Zealand. The Maori aborigines greeted him hostilely. Thousands of canoes attacked him.

In April of 1770 Cook landed on the west coast of Australia. There he found many interesting species and met aborigines.

While sailing to the north, Cook’s ship crashed in Great Barrier Reef. James returned home in 1771. Then Cook made two another expeditions. In 1778 he discovered the Sandwich islands (Hawaii). Firstly the aborigines thought that Cook was Lopo God, but time passed, and they became frustrated by him. In a year Cook returned to Hawaii again, but the sailors were hardly disturbing aborigines. So, as a result, captain James Cook was killed.

He died on February 14, 1779. Cook’s body was buried in the waters of Pacific ocean.

The native inhabitants of Australia, famous like aborigines, have the longest culture history in the world, which started since the last Ice Age. Although scientists have different opinions, it is considered that the first people came to Australia from Indonesia nearly 70 000 years ago. These immigrants were called “robusts” due to their massive-boned bodybuilding, who were substituted by people-elegants, the ancestors of aborigines.

Europeans started to cognize Australia in the sixteenth century, Danish explorers followed after Portuguese sailors, then they were substituted by Englishmen under the leadership of William Dampier, a famous pirate. Captain James Cook accomplished an ocean trip around the whole east coast in 1770, and made his stop in the Botany gulf. After leaving the York cape, he announced that Australia became the part of Great Britain. Cook named it New South Wales.

In 1779 Joseph Banks (naturalist from Cook’s expedition) offered the British government to solve the problem with full prisons by dispatching the prisoners to New South Wales. In 1787 there landed the first fleet, headed by Arthur Philip, who became the first governor of colony. There were 750 immigrants, men and women, four sailor teams and provision for two years on the ships.  Philip arrived to Botany gulf on the 26^th of January, but then he changed the location of colony and removed it to Sydney bay, which had better water and ground. For newcomers New South Wales seemed to be an awful place, and the hunger danger was the main problem for the next sixteen years.

In the next decades many foreigners started to settle down in Australia, and in 1850 gold deposits were found there. Huge number of immigrants and sharp changes in economy irretrievably changed the colonial social structure. The aborigines were forced out of the places, which newcomers used for agriculture and mining. The industrial evolution in England required a huge amount of raw materials, so the Australian resources were used without control, just to solve this problem.

Australia became a state, when on the 1^st of January, 1901 separated colonies united into a federation. The Australian troops militated on the side of Great Britain in Burr war, First World War and Second World War. But the role of USA in protecting Australian territories from Japanese encroachment during the Second World War put durability of this union under a question. Furthermore, Australia helped USA in Korean and Vietnamese wars.

Adelaide is a charming capital of South Australia state, situated by the ocean coast. The central part of the city is high-floored, with some modern skyscrapers, is not very big, the other part consists of one- or two-floored houses. Ideal cleanness, exactness and blameless beautiful buildings – this is the visiting card of Adelaide.

Here, in Adelaide, all the people and tourists can visit the third in Australia by its territory Land of Kangaroos – a preserve of wild nature, including sea lions and a nice harbor for fishing. You can meet interesting animals there, like wallabies - small kangaroos.

Adelaide is surrounded with parks and it is placed not far from wonderful beaches. Here you can enjoy playing tennis, golf or riding a horse.

Adelaide – the city of South Australia state.

The city was founded on the 28^th of December, 1836 by English captain Gindmarsh with small number of settlers (nearly 200) and received its name in honor of Wilgelm IV’s wife.

Status. Was the main city of South Australian British Colony and the residence of governor and bishop. At the beginning of XIX century – the administrative center of South Australia.

The history of developing.

1872 – the telephone line was developed. It stretches from Adelaide to Darwin port, which connected Australian colonies with telegraph line of Ost-India.

At the end of XIX century Adelaide already carried on considerable traffic, many banks and commercial establishments appeared. To the north from Adelaide people built a railway, which is 226 kilometers.

In the middle of XX century Adelaide become a very successful-developing city, also positioned as a large center of engineering (including motor industry).

Also it has well-developed science: chemistry, enterprises are located on the outskirts of city and in suburbs (Elisabeth).

Culture and education.

Schools, the theatre, scientific society (Philosophical society among them), three Universities, two museums, picture gallery etc.